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Alpha Radiation
consists of alpha particles (helium nucleus) with an emission velocity of approx. 107 m/s. Due to its positive charge it can be deflected by electric and magnetic fields. The range of alpha particles in the air is only a few centimeters. One or two sheets of paper are sufficient to shield this radiation. Danger is restricted to contamination of the skin or to incorporation.
Beta Radiation
consists of electrons having different velocities between 108 m/s and 0,999•c (c = velocity of light) and energies of approx. 0,1 MeV up to 3 MeV. Due to its negative charge it is deflected opposite to alpha particles in electric and magnetic fields. The range of beta radiation in the air is very different due to the varying energies (between 10 cm and 11 m).
Gamma Radiation
or photon radiation is an electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of approx. 10-12 m and energies between 0,01 MeV and 10 MeV for radioactive materials. In contrast to alpha and beta radiation gamma radiation has no finite maximum range.
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